define glutathione redox ratio Mitochondrial in Cellular Homeostasis and Disease Manifestation Reduced (GSH) and oxidized (GSSG)

Description

[DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar] 5.Turner M.R., Hardiman O., Benatar M., Brooks B.R., Chio A., de Carvalho M., Ince P.G., Lin C., Miller R.G., Mitsumoto H., Nicholson G., Ravits J., Shaw P.J., Swash M., Talbot K., Traynor B.J., Van den Berg L.H., Veldink J.H., Vucic S., Kiernan M.C

Researchers have hypothesized that desmoid tumors produce high amounts of Notch protein, which is thought to drive their growth

Human mitochondrial DNA: roles of inherited and somatic mutations

= reduced peptide bond (CH 2 -NH 2 ) Family # Ri- R3 1 2 3 1 hexanoyl pb pb pb heptanoyl Y pb pb pb pentanoyl Y pb pb pb butanoyl Y pb pb pb propanoyl Y pb pb pb acetanoyl Y pb pb pb isopropanoyl Y pb pb pb tert-butanoyl Y pb pb pb isobutanoyl Y pb pb pb benzoyl Y pb pb pb hexanoyl Y pb pb heptanoyl Y P b P b pentanoyl Y pb pb butanoyl Y pb pb propanoyl Y pb pb acetanoyl Y pb pb isopropanoyl Y pb pb tert-butanoyl Y pb pb isobutanoyl Y pb pb benzoyl Y pb pb hexanoyl 5 pb heptanoyl 5 pb pentanoyl 5 pb butanoyi 5 pb propanoyl 5 pb acetanoyl 5 pb isopropanoyl 5 pb tert-butanoyl 5 pb isobutanoyl 5 pb benzoyl 5 pb hexanoyl 5 pb pb heptanoyl 5 pb pb pentanoyl 5 pb pb butanoyi 5 pb pb propanoyl 5 pb pb acetanoyl 5 pb pb isopropanoyl 5 pb pb tert-butanoyl 5 pb b isobutanoyl 5 pb pb benzoyl 5 pb pb hexanoyl 5 pb pb pb heptanoyl 5 pb pb pb pentanoyl 5 pb pb pb butanoyi 5 pb pb pb propanoyl 5 pb pb pb acetanoyl 5 pb pb pb isopropanoyl 5 pb pb pb tert-butanoyl 5 pb pb pb isobutanoyl 5 p pb pb benzoyl F I 5 pb pb pb hexanoyl pb pb heptanoyl pb pb pentanoyl pb pb butanoyl pb pb propanoyl pb pb acetanoyl pb pb isopropanoyl pb pb tert-butanoyl pb pb isobutanoyl pb pb benzoyl pb pb hexanoyl pb heptanoyl P b pentanoyl pb butanoyl pb propanoyl pb acetanoyl pb isopropanoyl pb tert-butanoyl pb isobutanoyl pb benzoyl pb hexanoyl pb pb heptanoyl pb pb pentanoyl pb pb butanoyl pb pb propanoyl pb pb acetanoyl pb pb isopropanoyl pb pb tert-butanoyl F pb pb isobuianoyl F pb pb benzoyl F 5 pb pb hexanoyl C pb pb pb heptanoyl C pb pb pb pentanoyl c pb pb pb butanoyl c pb pb pb propanoyl c pb pb pb acetanoyl c pb b pb isopropanoyl c pb pb pb tert-butanoyl c pb pb pb isobutanoyl c pb pb pb benzoyl c pb pb pb hexanoyl C Pb pb heptanoyl C pb pb pentanoyl C pb pb butanoyl c pb pb propanoyl c pb pb acetanoyl c pb pb isopropanoyl c pb pb tert-butanoyl c 5 pb pb isobutanoyl c pb pb benzoyl c pb pb hexanoyl C pb heptanoyl C pb pentanoyl c pb butanoyl c pb propanoyl c pb pb pb pb pb pb hexanoyl C pb pb heptanoyl C pb pb pentanoyl C pb pb butanoyl C pb pb propanoyl C pb pb acetanoyl c pb pb isopropanoyl c pb pb tert-butanoyl c pb pb isobutanoyl c pb b benzoyl c pb pb 1 -16 Same pattern as families I -4 with R2=S 17-20 Same pattern as families 1 -4 with R2-T 21 -24 Same pattern as families 1 -4 with R2=D 25-28 Same pattern as families 1 -4 with R2=E 29-32 Same pattern as families 1 -4 with R2=Y, R3=V 33-36 Same pattern as families 1 -4 with R2=F, R3=V 37-40 Same pattern as families 1 -4 with R2= , R3=V 41 -44 Same pattern as families 1 -4 with R2=S, R3=V 45-48 Same pattern as families 1-4 with R2=T, R3=V 49-52 Same pattern as families 1 -4 with R2=D, R3=V 53-56 Same pattern as families 1 -4 with R2=E, R3=V 57-85 Same pattern as families 29-56 with R3=L 86-170 Same pattern as families 1-85 with n=3 342 D-norleucine Y I 5 pb pb pb D-norleucine F I 5 pb pb pb D-norleucine C I 5 pb pb pb D-norleucine S I 5 pb pb pb D-norleucine T I 5 pb pb pb D-norlencine D I 5 pb pb pb D-norleucine E I 5 pb pb pb D-norleucine G I 5 pb pb pb 343 D-norleucine Y I 5 pb pb D-norleucine F I 5 pb pb D-norleucine C I 5 pb pb D-norleucine S I 5 pb pb D-norleucine T 1 5 pb pb D-norleucine D I 5 pb pb D-norleucine E I 5 pb pb D-norleucine G I 5 pb pb 344 D-norleucine Y I 5 pb pb D-norleucine F I 5 pb pb D-norleucine C I 5 Pb pb D-norleucine S I 5 pb pb D-norleucine T I 5 pb pb D-norleucine D I 5 pb pb D-norleucine E I 5 pb pb D-norleucine G I 5 pb pb 345 D-norleucine Y I 5 pb D-norleucine F I 5 pb D-norleucine C I 5 pb D-norleucine S I 5 pb D-norleucine T I 5 pb D-norleucine D I 5 pb D-norleucine E I 5 pb D-norleucine G I 5 pb 346-349 Same pattern as families 342-345 with R3=V 350-353 Same pattern as families 342-345 with R3=L 354-365 Same pattern as families 342-353 with R1=D norvaline 366-377 Same pattern as families 342-345 with R3=D-lysine 378-389 Same pattern as families 342-345 with R3=D-arginine 390-401 Same pattern as families 342-345 with R3=D S-methyl cysteine 402-457 Same pattern as families 342-401 with n=3 458-513 Same pattern as families 342-401 with n=4 514-569 Same pattern as families 342-401 with n=6 Alternatively, the analogs or growth factor mimics of the present invention may also be represented as comprised of four elements joined by covalent peptide or reduced peptide bonds, as follows: I - II - III - rv where I = an acid such as heptanoic, hexanoic, pentanoic, butyric, proprionic, acetic, benzoic, or substituted benzoic acid, and isoforms thereof