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It is a substrate: cells need it to run the electron transport chain, generate ATP, and activate a class of repair enzymes called sirtuins and PARPs

For expression of the redox probes, mutant strains (Suppl

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doi: 10.1038/s41418-019-0393-7 53 BrownCWAmanteJJChhoyPElaimyALLiuHZhuLJet al

75L of the supernatant was transferred to a glass bottle and dried naturally at room temperature

This finding thus underscores that periodontal inflammation is not merely an isolated oral condition but a potent driver of distal tissue damage and systemic comorbidity progression through immunometabolic reprogramming